高考英语动词的时态和语态考点讲解
2021-09-25 17:42:38高考网整理
高考英语动词的时态和语态考点讲解
高频考点一、一般时态
例1.(2019·江苏卷)A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ________ in love with the people and culture there.
A.would fall B.had fallen
C.has fallen D.fell
【答案】D
【解析】考查时态。句意:史密斯先生到中国几个月后,就爱上了那里的人民和文化。这里描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时。
【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)Amy, as well as her brothers, ________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A.is given B.are given
C.was given D.were given
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:上周Amy和她的兄弟们回到村庄时受到了热烈的欢迎。根据时间状语“last week”可知,应用一般过去时;as well as连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词应与前面的主语一致,即与“Amy”一致,故此处应用单数形式。故选C。
【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around.
—Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just________on Monday.
A.start B.have started
C.started D.had started
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。——你好,我是彼得。你是新来的吗?我没见过你。——你好,彼得。我是鲍勃。我星期一才开始(在这工作)的。根据语境可知,此处用一般过去时,表示过去某一特定的时间(on Monday)发生的事。
【变式探究】(2017·江苏卷)He’s been informed that he________for the scholarship because of his academic background.
A.hasn’t qualified
B.hadn’t qualified
C.doesn’t qualify
D.wasn’t qualifying
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:他已被告知,由于他的学术背景,他没有获得奖学金的资格。根据语境可知,此处描述的是客观事实,因此使用一般现在时。
高频考点二 进行时态
例2.(2018·北京卷)Susan had quit her well-paid job and ________ as a volunteer in the neighborhood when I visited her last year.
A.is working B.was working
C.has worked D.had worked
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:苏珊辞去了她的高薪工作,去年我去拜访她时,她在社区作义工。根据语境可知,此处表示过去某段时间内正在发生的事,所以用过去进行时。
【举一反三】Jack ________ in the lab when the power cut occurred.
A.works B.has worked
C.was working D.would work
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:杰克正在实验室里工作的时候,突然停电了。本句使用了句式结构be doing sth. when...“正在做某事时突然……”,此时前一分句用过去进行时,后一分句用一般过去时。因此选C。
【变式探究】It is said that his parents ________ him to be a high achiever, but he turned out to be a nobody.
A.expect B.were expecting
C.would expect D.have been expecting
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:据说他的父母一直期望他能大有作为,但结果他成了一个无名小辈。此处表示过去某段时间内正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时。故选B。
【变式探究】With the Internet so convenient, several million patients in China ________ web-based mobile platforms for solutions to their health-related problems now.
A.turned to B.will turn to
C.are turning to D.had turned to
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词的时态。句意:因特网是如此方便,几百万中国病人现在正借助于基于网络的移动平台来寻找解决与他们的健康相关的问题的方法。从句意以及时间状语“now”可看出,此处应用现在进行时,故选C。
高频考点三 完成时态
例3.(2019·江苏卷)The musician along with his band members ________ ten performances in the last three months.
A.gives B.has given
C.have given D.give
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:这位音乐家和他的乐队成员在过去的三个月里进行了10场表演。根据后面的时间状语in the last three months可知,谓语动词的时态应用现在完成时;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词应与前面的名词在人称和数上保持一致,故选B项。
【举一反三】(2019·天津卷)I ________ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage, but I couldn’t manage it.
A.had hoped B.am hoping
C.have hoped D.would hope
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:我本来想给彼得送个礼物来祝贺他结婚,但是没能成功。根据句意可知,本句中“想送礼物”发生在“没成功”之前,属于“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。故选A。
【举一反三】(2018·北京卷)China’s high-speed railways ________ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years.
A.are growing B.have grown
C.will grow D.had grown
【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:在过去的几年中,中国的高速铁路已经从9 000 公里增加到25 000公里。根据句中的in the past few years可知,此处用现在完成时。
【变式探究】The official was shocked by the crash, because the pilot who was killed ________ any trouble.
A.hadn’t reported B.didn’t report
C.wouldn’t report D.hasn’t reported
【答案】A
【解析】考查时态。句意:那位官员对这次飞机失事感到震惊,因为飞行员在死亡之前并没有报告任何故障。从句意看,飞机失事是发生在过去的事情,而报告故障显然是飞机失事前发生的事情,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
高频考点四 其他时态
例4.Dashan, who ________ crosstalk, the Chinese comedic tradition, for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.
A.will be learning B.is learning
C.had been learning D.has been learning
【答案】D
【解析】考查现在完成进行时态。根据句意及定语从句中的时间状语for decades和主句谓语动词wants可知,本题使用现在完成进行时态,表示从过去某个时间开始,一直持续到现在,并有可能继续下去的动作。
【举一反三】—Where is Peter?I can’t find him anywhere.
—He went to the library after breakfast and ________ his essay there ever since.
A.wrote B.had written
C.has been writing D.is writing
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:“Peter在哪儿?我到处都找不到他。”“他早饭后去图书馆了,并且从那时起一直在那儿写他的文章。”由ever since可知,Peter从早饭后一直在图书馆写文章(说话时应该仍然在写),故应用现在完成进行时表示动作从过去持续到现在,并且有可能持续下去。故答案为C项。
【变式探究】That woman was a little vague at the time but said something to the effect that she ________ the project within three days.
A.finished B.will finish
C.would finish D.will have finished
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态。句意:那位女士当时有点含糊其辞,不过大意是说她会在三天之内完成这个项目。根据句中的“was”“said”以及“within three days”可知,此处表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作,应用过去将来时。故选C。
【变式探究】—I’m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final.
—I think so.He________for it for months.
A.is preparing B.was preparing
C.had been preparing D.has been preparing
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——我确信安德鲁最终会赢得一等奖。——我也这么认为。他准备了几个月了。由will可知事情还未发生,表示安德鲁一直在准备着,故选D。